The information presented in this book is the result of a large-scale data collection effort at the University of Louisville between 2008 and 2015. Direct observation of teacher-student dyads in typical classrooms settings were collected across a range of schools and classrooms—elementary through high school, rural and urban, large and small, but with each observation focused on academic...

The authors wish to acknowledge the enormous contributions of Marlene Parish, without whose assistance this research would not have been possible. Marlene has been the lead data collector and scheduler, responsible for training all data collectors and maintaining consistently high rates of interobserver reliability. Her commitment to excellence, organization, and professionalism are greatly...

The sleep of reason produces monsters.

The belief that all genuine education comes about through experience does not mean that all experiences are genuinely or equally educative.

Do the difficult things while they are easy and do the great things while they are small.

Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.

There are two ways of spreading light: to be the candle or the mirror that reflects it.

A true teacher defends his students against his own personal influences.

If the children aren’t learning, we’re not teaching.

Use the following strategy to train data collectors to become reliable.